{"id":44470,"date":"2023-07-26T14:15:01","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T14:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/non-classifiee\/everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-bonds\/"},"modified":"2026-08-23T09:04:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T13:04:01","slug":"everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-bonds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/investing\/everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-bonds\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything you always wanted to know about bonds"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p id=\"E256\"><span id=\"E261\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Bonds are an essential ingredient in most <\/span><span id=\"E262\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">investment <\/span><span id=\"E263\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">portfolios<\/span><span id=\"E264\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">. <\/span><span id=\"E265\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">They are<\/span><span id=\"E266\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> negatively correlated <\/span><span id=\"E267\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">with<\/span><span id=\"E268\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> the<\/span><span id=\"E269\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> stock market, so <\/span><span id=\"E270\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they reduce the ris<\/span><span id=\"E271\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">k <\/span><span id=\"E272\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">inherent in<\/span><span id=\"E273\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> a portfolio. <\/span><span id=\"E274\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">In addition<\/span><span id=\"E275\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, <\/span><span id=\"E276\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they provide<\/span><span id=\"E277\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> consistent returns <\/span><span id=\"E278\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">with<\/span><span id=\"E279\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> low volatility, <\/span><span id=\"E280\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">so they\u2019re<\/span><span id=\"E281\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> generally <\/span><span id=\"E282\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">a safe, <\/span><span id=\"E283\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">predictable investment <\/span><span id=\"E284\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">as well<\/span><span id=\"E285\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">. But do you really know what <\/span><span id=\"E286\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">a bond<\/span><span id=\"E287\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> is?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E288\"><strong><span id=\"E289\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">What is <\/span><span id=\"E290\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">a bond<\/span><span id=\"E291\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E292\"><span id=\"E293\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">If <\/span><span id=\"E294\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">one of your<\/span><span id=\"E295\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> friend<\/span><span id=\"E296\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">s<\/span><span id=\"E297\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> wants to borrow money from you and promises <\/span><span id=\"E298\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">to repay you<\/span><span id=\"E299\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> at a later date with regular interest, <\/span><span id=\"E300\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">it\u2019s a type of obligation or a bond. Thus, a bond<\/span><span id=\"E303\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">\u00a0is <\/span><span id=\"E304\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">essentially just<\/span><span id=\"E305\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> a debt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E306\"><span id=\"E307\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">In the investment world, a bond is a financial instrument that <\/span><span id=\"E308\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">enables you to lend money to a company <\/span><span id=\"E309\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">in exchange for regular interest and a promise of repayment. It is a means used by companies or governments to finance their projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E310\"><span id=\"E311\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">A <\/span><span id=\"E313\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bond <\/span><span id=\"E315\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">has <\/span><span id=\"E317\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">various<\/span><span id=\"E318\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> components:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li id=\"E319\" class=\"qowt-li-1_0 qowt-list qowt-stl-ListParagraph\"><span id=\"E320\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The face value<\/span><span id=\"E321\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">,<\/span><span id=\"E322\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> which is the value of the debt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"E323\" class=\"qowt-li-1_0 qowt-list qowt-stl-ListParagraph\"><span id=\"E324\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The interest rate, which determines the amount of interest paid (also known as a coupon).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"E325\" class=\"qowt-li-1_0 qowt-list qowt-stl-ListParagraph\"><span id=\"E326\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The maturity, which <\/span><span id=\"E327\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">is the loan\u2019s term<\/span><span id=\"E328\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"E329\"><span id=\"E330\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Bonds usually have different face values, interest rates <\/span><span id=\"E331\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">and<\/span><span id=\"E332\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> maturities, thus offering different returns and risks. An example of a bond would be the <\/span><a id=\"E333\" contenteditable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/investing\/bond\/tmubmusd10y?countrycode=bx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-lasso-id=\"4793\"><span id=\"E334\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">10-Year US <\/span><span id=\"E335\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">T<\/span><span id=\"E336\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">reasury <\/span><span id=\"E337\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">B<\/span><span id=\"E338\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">ond<\/span><\/a><span id=\"E339\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">. Issued by the US government, <\/span><span id=\"E340\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">this bond has<\/span><span id=\"E343\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">\u00a0a 10-year term, a current interest rate of 0.7% and coupons paid<\/span><span id=\"E344\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> annually. Thus, by investing $<\/span><span id=\"E345\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">1000, you will be repaid in 10 years and you wi<\/span><span id=\"E346\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">ll receive an annual interest of $<\/span><span id=\"E347\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">70 during this period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E349\"><span id=\"E350\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">However, investors rarely invest in a single bond and more often than not opt \u200b\u200bfor bond ETFs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"E351\"><strong><span id=\"E352\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">What is a bond ETF?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E353\"><span id=\"E354\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">An <\/span><a id=\"E355\" contenteditable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/investing\/the-ultimate-guide-to-etfs-in-canada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"4794\"><span id=\"E356\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">exchange-traded fund (ETF)<\/span><\/a><span id=\"E357\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> is a fund that is made up of a basket of securities, such as stocks, bonds or <\/span><span id=\"E358\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">options<\/span><span id=\"E359\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, for example. An ETF is traded on an exchange, like a stock or a <\/span><span class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">bond, and thus <\/span><span id=\"E360\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">enables<\/span><span id=\"E361\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> you to invest directly in a diversified portfolio instead of a single security.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p id=\"E362\"><span id=\"E363\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">As the name suggests, bond ETFs are funds that contain a basket of bonds. <\/span><span id=\"E365\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">W<\/span><span id=\"E366\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">hen an investor wants to invest in bonds,<\/span><span id=\"E367\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> in most cases <\/span><span id=\"E369\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they will opt for ETFs <\/span><span id=\"E370\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">because these are already <\/span><span id=\"E372\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">diversified<\/span><span id=\"E373\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, <\/span><span id=\"E374\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">so <\/span><span id=\"E375\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they facilitate the management of the bond part of a portfolio.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E376\"><span id=\"E377\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Why invest in bonds?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E378\"><span id=\"E379\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Bonds are generally less risky and offer more stable returns than stocks. They have an inverse correlation with interest rates and thus see their prices vary inversely with that of equities. They <\/span><span id=\"E380\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">are<\/span><span id=\"E381\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> an<\/span><span id=\"E382\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> ideal diversification<\/span><span id=\"E385\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">\u00a0tool.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E387\"><span id=\"E388\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">In addition, <\/span><span id=\"E389\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">you can<\/span><span id=\"E390\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> make money in two ways:<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E392\" class=\"qowt-li-0_0 qowt-list qowt-stl-ListParagraph\"><span id=\"E393\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">By <\/span><span id=\"E394\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">earning<\/span><span id=\"E395\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> interest:<\/span><span id=\"E396\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> Most bonds have a fixed rate, so you will <\/span><span id=\"E397\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">earn<\/span><span id=\"E398\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> interest on an annual or semi-annual basis. This payment depends on the interest rate as well as the par value of the share.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E399\" class=\"qowt-li-0_0 qowt-list qowt-stl-ListParagraph\"><span id=\"E400\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">By selling the bond at a higher price than the purchase price:<\/span><span id=\"E401\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> Just like stocks, <\/span><span id=\"E402\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">the prices of <\/span><span id=\"E403\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bonds fluctuate according to supply and demand and <\/span><span id=\"E404\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">you can<\/span><span id=\"E405\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> use these fluctuations to<\/span><span id=\"E406\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> earn a<\/span><span id=\"E407\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> profit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E409\"><span id=\"E410\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Since an investor does not have to put all <\/span><span id=\"E411\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">their<\/span><span id=\"E412\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> eggs in<\/span><span id=\"E413\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">to one basket, bonds present <\/span><span id=\"E414\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">a real alternative to equities.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E415\"><strong><span id=\"E416\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">How <\/span><span id=\"E417\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">do you<\/span><span id=\"E418\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> invest in bonds?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E419\"><span id=\"E420\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">To buy a bond or a bond ETF, <\/span><span id=\"E421\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">you need<\/span><span id=\"E422\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> to go through a broker. Most <\/span><a id=\"E423\" contenteditable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/compare\/brokerages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"4797\"><span id=\"E424\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">online brokers<\/span><\/a> <span id=\"E426\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">let<\/span><span id=\"E427\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> you buy bonds or bond ETFs yourself. If you want to go through a <\/span><span id=\"E429\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">financial advisor<\/span><span id=\"E430\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, keep in mind that only investment advisers working for a <\/span><span id=\"E431\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">full-service brokerage<\/span><span id=\"E432\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> can sell you bonds. On the other hand, a<\/span><span id=\"E433\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> mutual funds <\/span><span id=\"E434\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">representative may sell you<\/span><span id=\"E435\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> a <\/span><a id=\"E437\" contenteditable=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/investing\/why-mutual-funds-are-making-you-poor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"4799\"><span id=\"E438\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">mutual funds<\/span><\/a><span id=\"E439\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> bond, which are funds similar to bond<\/span><span id=\"E440\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> ETFs that<\/span><span id=\"E441\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> are not traded on a stock exchange.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E442\"><strong><span id=\"E443\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">How do the prices vary?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E444\"><span id=\"E445\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The price of a bond varies according to the prevailing interest rates. When the interest rate rises, bonds will see their price fall and vice versa. Why? When interest rates rise, companies and governments that want to borrow must issue bonds with a higher interest rate to convince investors to buy them. As the bonds already issued have a <\/span><span class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">lower interest rate, the demand for <\/span><span id=\"E446\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">them<\/span><span id=\"E447\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> falls, so their price also falls.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E448\"><strong><span id=\"E449\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Government b<\/span><span id=\"E450\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">onds<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E451\"><span id=\"E452\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Government <\/span><span id=\"E453\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bonds are generally a safe investment and <\/span><span id=\"E454\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">that\u2019s<\/span><span id=\"E455\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> why <\/span><span id=\"E456\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they\u2019re <\/span><span id=\"E457\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">found in most portfolios. As the name suggests, government bonds are issued by governments when they need to raise money to finance projects. Thus, investing in such a bond <\/span><span id=\"E458\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">equates<\/span><span id=\"E459\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> to lending money to a government.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E460\"><span id=\"E461\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The safest government bonds are those <\/span><span id=\"E462\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">in<\/span><span id=\"E463\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> countries like Canada and the United States. As the issuer is <\/span><span id=\"E464\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">none<\/span><span id=\"E465\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> other than these countries, the risk of default is generally very low, since it is hard to imagine these countries going bankrupt. <\/span><span id=\"E466\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Rating agencies generally assign a AAA rating to t<\/span><span id=\"E467\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">hese bonds. However, some government bonds present a riskier profile than others, particularly if they come from an emerging country or an over-indebted provincial or municipal government.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E468\"><span id=\"E469\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">In fact, Canadian provinces and American states can also issue bonds. You can buy bonds from the government of Quebec or the city of Montreal, for example. Provincial bonds, although riskier than those of the central government, are relatively safe. In contrast, municipal bonds are arguably the riskiest in the relatively low-risk category of government bonds in Canada and the United States. Investors who bought City of Detroit municipal bonds learned this the hard way in 2013 when the <\/span><span id=\"E470\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">American<\/span><span id=\"E471\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> city went bankrupt.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E472\"><span id=\"E473\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Corporate bonds<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E474\"><span id=\"E475\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Public organizations are not the only ones able to issue bonds. Private companies can also do this and, in this case, <\/span><span id=\"E476\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">they are called<\/span><span id=\"E477\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> corporate bonds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E478\"><span id=\"E479\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Corporate bonds are very different from stocks. While a shareholder owns a share of the business, the holder of a bond is only lending money to the business. Unlike stocks, corporate bonds do not <\/span><span id=\"E480\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">provide<\/span><span id=\"E481\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> voting rights or <\/span><span id=\"E482\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">dividends<\/span><span id=\"E483\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">. They only give the right to interest and the repayment of the debt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E485\"><span id=\"E486\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Investing in a company&#8217;s bond is always less risky than investing in the<\/span><span id=\"E487\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> same company\u2019s<\/span><span id=\"E488\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> stock, although the potential for returns is generally less. The interest does not depend on <\/span><span id=\"E489\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">the company\u2019s<\/span><span id=\"E490\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> profit. Also, in the event of bankruptcy, bondholders have priority over shareholders.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p id=\"E492\"><span id=\"E493\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Corporate bonds generally offer higher interest than government bonds but are generally riskier. Payment of interest is often conditional on the performance of the business or its ability to generate cash by selling its assets. It is, therefore, necessary to <\/span><span id=\"E494\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">check out<\/span><span id=\"E495\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> the <\/span><span id=\"E496\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">company\u2019s <\/span><span id=\"E497\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">financial health before investing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E499\"><span id=\"E500\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">In addition to a yield <\/span><span id=\"E501\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">that is <\/span><span id=\"E502\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">generally higher than that of government bonds, they also provide stable and low-risk interest in the case of large corporate bonds. Like government bonds, they <\/span><span id=\"E503\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">help<\/span><span id=\"E504\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> diversify a port<\/span><span id=\"E505\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">folio as well as provide a means of industry <\/span><span id=\"E506\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">diversification.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E507\"><span id=\"E508\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Junk bonds<\/span><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E509\"><span id=\"E510\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Despite their name<\/span><span id=\"E511\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, junk <\/span><span id=\"E512\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bonds<\/span><span id=\"E513\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> can be good investments for people who <\/span><span id=\"E514\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">aren\u2019t<\/span><span id=\"E515\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> afraid of risk and who <\/span><span id=\"E516\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">want<\/span><span id=\"E517\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> to diversify their risk by buying more<\/span><span id=\"E518\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> junk <\/span><span id=\"E519\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bonds. There are of course several ETFs specializing in junk bonds, such as SPDR Barclays Capital High Yield ETF, for example.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E521\"><span id=\"E522\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">Junk bonds are issued by companies<\/span><span id=\"E523\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> the rating agencies consider<\/span><span id=\"E524\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> to be at risk. Junk bonds are generally rated BB or lower by S&amp;P and Fitch and BA by Moody&#8217;s. In return for the risk, these bonds generally offer higher returns than those that government or corporate bonds can expect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E526\"><span id=\"E527\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">The organizations that issue these bonds often have financial situations that are not stable and can lead to bankruptcy. Whether it is young companies or companies going through difficult times, <\/span><span id=\"E528\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">you should<\/span><span id=\"E529\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> be careful. By investing in such bonds, investors are not guaranteed to see their money again.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<h2 id=\"E530\"><strong><span id=\"E531\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">How do I choose a bond or a bond ETF?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"E532\"><span id=\"E533\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">First of all, you must know your investor profile. Are you an investor who likes to take risks or do you prefer to play it safe? Depending on your profile, you may be more attracted to government bonds or, conversely, to corporate bonds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E534\"><span id=\"E535\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">While the bond market is generally less risky than the stock market, <\/span><span id=\"E536\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">there\u2019s<\/span><span id=\"E537\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> always a risk, no matter how small<\/span><span id=\"E538\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">,<\/span><span id=\"E539\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> in the case of government bonds. If the bond issuer goes bankrupt, you may not see your money again. However, there are rating agencies that help investors make their choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"E540\"><span id=\"E541\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">To help investors <\/span><span id=\"E542\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">with their decision-making<\/span><span id=\"E543\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">, <\/span><span id=\"E544\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">agencies rate <\/span><span id=\"E545\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">bonds according to <\/span><span class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">their risk rate. Three main agencies compete for 85% of the rating market: S&amp;P 500, Moody&#8217;s and Fitch. Each has its own rating system, but they are based on the same standards. Ratings range from AAA to D, with AAA being a company <\/span><span id=\"E546\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">with <\/span><span id=\"E547\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">strong financial health and almost no risk of default and <\/span><span id=\"E548\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">D being <\/span><span id=\"E549\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">a company with a high risk of default. Bonds are divided into two main categories, the so-called \u201cinvestment\u201d category, which <\/span><span id=\"E550\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">consists of low-risk<\/span><span id=\"E551\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> bonds, and the \u201cspeculative\u201d category, which <\/span><span id=\"E552\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">consists of<\/span><span id=\"E553\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> junk bonds deemed risky.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contentsContainer\">\n<div id=\"contents\">\n<p id=\"E554\"><span id=\"E555\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">To limit the risks, investing in bond ETFs will <\/span><span id=\"E556\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">enable<\/span><span id=\"E557\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> you to buy baskets of bonds that are already diversified, belonging to <\/span><span id=\"E558\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">a<\/span><span id=\"E559\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> category that interests you or <\/span><span id=\"E560\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\">those that have an<\/span><span id=\"E561\" class=\"qowt-font10-Candara\"> optimal average maturity.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bonds are an essential ingredient in most investment portfolios. They are negatively correlated with the stock market, so they reduce the risk inherent in a portfolio. In addition, they provide consistent returns with low volatility, so they\u2019re generally a safe, predictable investment as well. But do you really know what a bond is? What is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[193,355,212],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investing","category-fixed-income","category-online-broker"],"acf":{"has_no_offer_box":"0"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44470\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hardbacon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}